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Armadillos
The Nine-Banded Armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) is the only armadillo species in Florida and one of the most common nuisance species statewide. Armadillos dig characteristic foraging holes and burrows up to 15 feet long, often under foundations, AC pads, and pool decks — structural damage is the primary concern. According to the CDC, some armadillos in the southern United States naturally carry Mycobacterium leprae, the bacterium behind Hansen's disease (leprosy). The agency is clear that catching it from an armadillo is possible but unlikely, and that most people who come into contact with them never get sick. It is not purely theoretical in this part of the state: CDC's Emerging Infectious Diseases journal published a 2023 case report of locally acquired leprosy in Central Florida in a patient with no relevant travel history. Wear gloves, keep pets away from open burrows, and do not handle one bare-handed. Florida law allows year-round trapping and removal of armadillos on private property, but under FWC rule 68A-9.010 a live-captured animal must be released on the same property, delivered to a licensed facility, or euthanized humanely. Relocating it somewhere else is not one of the options. Professional removal combines live-trapping along the active foraging path, habitat modification (irrigation reduction, grub control), and exclusion fencing where structural damage risk is high.
Armadillos leave distinctive signs of their presence: holes scattered across your yard. Large, basketball-sized holes serve as shelters, while smaller, golf ball to tennis ball-sized holes mark their foraging trails. These smaller holes are commonly found in mulched areas, dirt, or sand. If you're noticing these telltale signs, you likely have an armadillo problem.
At Dr. Critter, we frequently address complaints related to armadillos damaging sod, landscaping, and gardens. Our comprehensive armadillo control services include an inspection to identify damage and burrows, humane trapping and removal of the animals, surface filling and capping of burrows, and cleanup of biological attractants. Don't let armadillos disrupt your property. Contact Dr. Critter for expert armadillo removal and control.
What does armadillo damage look like in a Central Florida yard?
Two signatures, and they appear together. Shallow cone-shaped holes across the lawn, roughly three to five inches wide and just as deep, where the animal has nosed out grubs and worms. And a burrow entrance seven to ten inches across, usually tucked against something solid, whether that is a foundation wall, an AC pad, a pool deck, or a shed footing. The burrow is the expensive half.
Why do armadillos dig under slabs and pool decks?
Because the edge of a slab gives them a stable roof to tunnel under. Burrows can run fifteen feet and branch, and in sandy Central Florida soil that removes support from beneath concrete. Cracked pool decks, settled AC pads, and undermined walkways all trace back to the same cause, which is why armadillo work is treated as a structural problem rather than a lawn problem.
| Season | What the animal is doing | Typical yard sign |
|---|---|---|
| Mar–May | Young emerging from spring burrows | Several animals working one property |
| Jun–Sep | Peak digging, as the wet season drives grubs near the surface | Nightly new holes, fast lawn damage |
| Oct–Nov | Foraging continues; burrows deepened | Soil spoil piles at burrow mouths |
| Dec–Feb | Cool nights shift activity later and reduce it | Fewer holes, burrows still occupied |
When can armadillos be trapped in Florida?
Year round. Florida places no closed season on nuisance armadillos, and a property owner may have them removed at any point. What the rules do govern is disposition: under FWC rule 68A-9.010, a live-captured nuisance armadillo must be released on the same property, delivered to a licensed facility, or euthanized humanely. It cannot be relocated somewhere else.
When is armadillo digging worst in Central Florida?
Digging tracks the soil, not the calendar, which is why armadillos are the one nuisance species here with no quiet season. An armadillo roots for grubs and invertebrates a few inches down, and it works wherever the ground is soft enough to open easily. That makes the summer wet season the heaviest stretch, and it makes the two or three nights after any hard rain worse than the fortnight before it, at any time of year. Irrigated lawns and freshly mulched beds get hit in dry spells for the same reason: they are the softest ground on the property. There is no closed season to wait out either, because the FWC classifies the nine-banded armadillo as non-native and non-protected, so a nuisance animal can be removed in any month.
Why does armadillo exclusion fail if the burrow is left alone?
Because fencing the yard and ignoring the hole treats the route instead of the residence. An armadillo burrow is a substantial structure, and one animal usually maintains several across a property, with the working entrance often tucked under a slab, a pool deck, an AC pad, or a shed skirt where it is easy to miss from standing height. Screen the perimeter without dealing with those and you have either sealed an animal inside the burrow under your patio, or left an unoccupied burrow that the next armadillo moves straight into, since the excavation work is already done for it. A burrow under a slab is also the part that turns a lawn complaint into a structural one: it undermines the fill the slab bears on, and that is what cracks a pool deck. So the sequence is remove the animal first, confirm the burrows are empty, collapse and backfill them, and only then run the exclusion barrier, buried and turned outward at the base so the next animal cannot simply dig under it.
Do Florida armadillos carry leprosy?
Some do. Florida is one of the few states where wild nine-banded armadillos naturally carry Mycobacterium leprae, and human cases traced to armadillo contact have been documented in Florida and Texas. The risk comes from handling the animal or its carcass, not from holes in the lawn, which is a good reason to leave trapping and disposal to someone with the equipment for it.
How long does armadillo removal take?
Usually one to two weeks. Traps go in along the active runway between the burrow and the feeding area rather than over the holes, which is the difference between catching the animal in days and never catching it. After removal, the burrow is collapsed and backfilled, and exclusion trenching goes in where a structure is at risk.
If the property is inside the metro, our page for armadillo removal in Orlando covers local response times and the soil conditions that make burrowing worse there.
Dr. Critter has worked as a nuisance wildlife control operator in Central Florida since 1996 and is listed with the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission operator directory. Worth knowing, because most of this industry says otherwise: the FWC does not issue a trapper license, and no state license is required to remove nuisance wildlife from your home. What actually governs the work is rule, not paperwork. FWC rule 68A-9.010 decides what happens to an animal once it is caught alive: release on the property where it was trapped, transfer to a licensed facility, or humane euthanasia. Relocating it somewhere else is not on that list, whatever the operator tells you, and that rule binds every operator in Florida whether or not they are on any directory.
